Biological Pathways as Substantiation of the Use of Copper Radioisotopes in Cancer Theranostics

Copper, a cofactor for many enzymes, is bioelement that involved in main biochemical processes; although high levels of copper promote the proliferation cancer cells. Further development radiopharmaceuticals based on radioisotopes depend understanding and taking advantage its pathways oncogenesis. As with other radiometals used molecular imaging and/or targeted therapy, biological vectors are employed to transport target, aiming specific uptake at tumor sites precise delivery ionizing radiation. Evidence clinical utility ionic form CuCl 2 were also proven an vivo study metabolism, guiding personalized copper-chelating treatment patients pathological associated imbalance. Five have gained interest nuclear medicine applications, their emissions, energies, half-lives, as they can be produced pharmaceutical-grade quality. The mechanism, kinetics, metabolic parameters important findings imaging, which decisive when designing individualized radiotherapy dose calculations linear energy transfer Auger electrons ? ? emissions 64 Cu 67 Cu. radiation deposits amount within intra-cellular space, involvement determines targets drug design validation. depict metabolism normal cells highlight increased activity progression angiogenesis. avid into inter- intra-mitochondrial spaces, constituents cytochrome C oxidase, substantiate selection 64/67 theranostic agents.